razavi MOSFET cs amp cs stage amplifier second-order effect differential mode common mode differential amplifier single stage amp diode connected load cs amplifier common source stage mosfet 동작원리 saturation region mosfet 기초 triode region overdrive voltage depletion region mosfet기초 반도체소자 threshold voltage differential Pair 반도체 channel common-mode response common-mode rejection ratio differential pair with resistive degeneration differential pair with source degeneration differential amp differential amplifier 특성 differential amplifier common-mode differential amplifier output swing differential amplifier small-signal half-circuit concept fully differential aggressor victim single-ended current mirror diode connection cascode current mirror current mirror razavi basic current mirror current mirror ff ss fs process corner pvt variation cascode load poor man's cascode folded cascode cascode stage cascode common gate stage cg amp cg stage cd amp cd stage source follower common drain stage common-source stage with source degeneration source degeneration common-source stage with triode load triode load active load common-source stage with active load common source stage with diode-connected load common source stage with diode connected load cs amp gain common source stage with resistive load amplifiers single-stage amplifiers 대신호모델 소신호모델 voltage dependent current source pmos small-signal model mos device model mosfet model large-signal model small-signal model sidewall capacitance bottom-plate capacitance junction capacitance overlap capacitance depletion capacitance oxide capacitance parasitic capacitance mosfet device capacitance mosfet parasitic capacitance top view bird-eye's view metal wire contact window design rule mosfet layout breakdown punchthrough punch-through voltage limitations subthreshold subthreshold conduction weak inversion strong inversion mosfet 작동원리 pinch-off channel-length modulation coefficient channel-length modulation back-gate effect drain current mosfet i/v 특성 mosfet gm 반도체 기초 mosfet current source mosfet 특성 i/v 특성 vth mosfetbody mosfet기호 mosfet원리 mosfet구조 반도체 소자 short channel effect CMRR Aspect ratio Body Effect Transconductance inversion layer Differential mosfet 원리 bulk 증폭기 PVT MOS